42 items with this tag.

  • thermodynamic process, path

    C19-3 A representation for the intermediate thermodynamic state encountered, the series of states is called a path.

  • ideal gas internal energy theorem

    C19-7 Caution Caution Caution We also have the result that due to gas as point particles the internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature, not on its pressure or volume the translational kinetic energy per molecule in an ideal gas depends only on temperature experiment or measurem...

  • adiabatic

    C19-8 Details about an adiabatic process can be derived in the following way, holding constant.

  • thermal expansion

    C17-4 A bimetallic strip, thermometer, and bridge all must account for this motion of material.

  • thermodynamic systems

    C19-1 A system consisting of some number of material system and points of thermal contact, material system junction, optical junction or adventure.

  • Heisenberg uncertainty principle

    C39-3 Characterizes a sort of speed limit on experiment or measurement.

  • sign rules of geometric optics

    C34-1 … sign rules For a given optical lens with a center of curvature, and material system treated as a collection of point object, extended object.

  • Compton scattering

    C38-7 A Quantum Mechanics effect observed in the Rayleigh scattering of high electromagnetic spectrum, frequency of light, short wavelength electromagnetic waves and light and photon.

  • Biot-Savart law

    C28-1 A net charge in motion with velocity, [$v$ → When we read this, it is telling us that $A = text{coupling strength to } hat{G}text{, not accumulated virtue} in a more natural way.] produces a magnetic field with $$\vec{B}={\mu_0 \over 4\pi}{q\vec{v}\times\hat{r}\over r^2}$$ Caution $\hat{r}$ po...

  • Ampere_s law

    C28-6 Provides a relationship between enclosed electrical current and the magnetic field.

  • ideal gas law

    C18-1 Following from experiment or measurement (i.e., this is an empirical laws, follows from simply fit a relationship), Caution mass-energy equivalence, and law of conservation of energy implies mass-conservation — [$n$ → When we read this, it is telling us that $A = text{coupling strength to } ha...

  • quantum kinematics

    Using the WaveFunction and Schrödinger equation, Following from the description of mechanical waves, sound waves, electromagnetic waves and light $$y(x,t)=A\cos(kx-\omega t)$$ Such that each point object undergoes simple harmonic motion, … formula ProofDeferred OutOfScope A WaveFunction, $$\Psi(x,y,...

  • Lorentz transformation

    3#C37-5 Due to Einstein’s special theory of relativity we must revisit kinematics in space, and relative velocity to extend their range of validity for inertial frame of reference near the speed of light.

  • Einstein_s special theory of relativity

    C37-1 Applies to experiment or measurement in an inertial frame of reference, and certain effects that take hold near the speed of light.

  • interference of light waves

    C35-1 … simplifying assumptions Two sinusoidal waves propagate, The wavefront can be viewed as concentric from a point object This is monochromatic since the electromagnetic spectrum, frequency of light in a sinusoidal wave is everywhere the same, Caution another range of validity concern, since thi...

  • coherent waves

    C35-1 The supposition or task that in comparing two wave, (or Caution alternatively a source of light intensity) has the following properties: Definite, constant phase (this might be necessary due to Quantum effects) Identical frequency, and monochromatic It isn’t feasible to synchronize two sources...

  • physical optics

    C35-1 An electromagnetic waves and light exhibits superposition of fields, and therefore also experiences effects in Analogy to interference of mechanical waves.

  • geometric optics

    C34-1 This deals in-depth with the explanation that the optical ray describes the motion of light, and light propagation.

  • Poynting vector

    C32-4 A type of power flux (wave intensity, light intensity) of an electromagnetic waves and light.

  • magnetic field lines

    C27-3 A line where $\vec{B}$ is always tangent to the magnetic field are called the magnetic field lines.

  • electric-potential gradient

    C23-5 Similar to temperature gradient $$\vec{E} = -\vec{\nabla}V=-<\hat{i}{\partial V \over \partial x}, \ \hat{j}{\partial V \over \partial y},\ \hat{k}{\partial V \over \partial z}>$$ Caution range of validity can depend on how these were computed for a given geometry Canonical Hub: CANONICA...

  • electronic configuration, and ionization

    An atom typically has 0 net charge. By gaining or shedding electrons, an atom becomes ionized.

  • conservation of shape

    In the scope of thermal expansion, the definite size and a definite shape of a solid under expansion, all dimensions change — it’s not inflation it’s dilation.

  • mechanical waves and work, power, energy

    C15-5 A mechanical waves carries with it, energy, and can be considered as doing work on subsequent portions of the wave medium.

  • intramolecular motion

    C18-4 statistical mechanics leads to the following important results principle of equipartition of energy degrees of freedom … in a monatomic ideal gas In the scope of intramolecular motion, for a monatomic gas, the number of velocity components needed to completely describe the motion.

  • absolute zero

    C17-3 Zero kelvin, in some sense a speed limit since it can only be experiment or measurement to a close approximation.

  • paramagnetism

    C28-8 In an atom most orbital, spin effects wind up at zero, or occasionally at $\mu_B$.

  • optical surface properties of materials

    C33-2 A rough kind of material is likely to produce diffuse reflection, for a material smooth surface we observe for the following properties: … specular reflection a smooth conductor is predisposed to produce specular reflection.

  • kinematics of rigid bodies

    C8-5 KeyConcept Taken in terms of center of mass, rigid body motion is quite similar to motion in space Consider that for each particle composing the mechanical system we may take something like the relative velocity to the velocity of the center of mass.

  • kinematics of rotational motion of rigid bodies

    C9-1 Definition About some fixed axis within an inertial frame of reference, we can simply describe rotational motion of a rigid body.

  • simple harmonic motion

    C13-1 A body undergoing this type of motion is called a harmonic oscillator.

  • center of mass

    C8-5 Discussion, formula For [$i$ → When we read this, it is telling us that $Delta E_{text{required}} = T cdot Delta S in a more natural way.] particles with masses [$m_i$ → When we read this, it is telling us that $|psi_{text{human}}rangle = sum_i c_i|phi_irangle in a more natural way.] each posit...

  • Lagrange equations

    Custom-1 See Lagrangian Kinematics formula $\mathbb{S}$ the “action” which is also called the action functional $[t_1,t_2]$ the “duration” $\vec{q}$ the “configuration” WaitWhat does this include energy, force, position? and $\vec{\dot{q}}$ its time derivative.

  • tension force

    C4-1 Definition A pulling exerted on an object by a rope, cord, etc. often mechanical system constraints.

  • Centripetal Force

    C5-4 Caution only use the force $m\frac{v^2}{R}$ on the $m\vec{a}$ side of $\sum\vec{F}$ This appears as a fictitious force or the coriolis effect.

  • work-energy theorem

    C6-2 KeyConcept We also have the following: the work done by the net force on a particle equals the change in the particle’s kinetic energy which gives the formula $$W_{\text{tot}}=K_f-K_0=\Delta K$$ Caution Notice too that with$$F = ma = \frac{1}{2}{{mv_f^2-mv_0^2} \over s}$$In computing a force re...

  • select a coordinate system that eliminates the most variables

    This is a huge Caution. Canonical Hub: CANONICAL_INDEX.

  • double-slit experiment

    C35-2 Performed by Thomas Young circa 19thCentury demonstrates interference of light waves.

  • Davisson-Germer apparatus

    C39-2 A measurement device for the diffraction of material entities, similar to x-ray crystallography.

  • derivation

    C4-6 WaitWhat Caution KeyConcept The process by which physical laws and principles are assumed and interrogated logically — resulting in hypotheses for experimentation.

  • work

    C1-10 Definition Work corresponds to the action of energy expended.

  • speed

    C2-2 Definition Along a given path, the speed is the length traveled divided by time.