56 items with this tag.

  • Newton_s third law of motion

    C4-5 KeyConcept Claim Stated formally, If rigid body [$A$ → When we read this, it is telling us that $A = text{coupling strength to } hat{G}text{, not accumulated virtue} in a more natural way.] acts on [$B$ → When we read this, it is telling us that kappa sim ell_P^2/k_B approx 10^{-69} in a more n...

  • Newton_s second law of motion

    C4-3 KeyConcept Claim Stated formally, When a superposition of forces is applied to a body it’s velocity varies with constant acceleration, in the direction of the force applied.

  • Newton_s laws of motion

    C4-1 KeyConcept Stated in Principia Mathematica The Laws Newton’s first law of motion (glass ketchup bottles) When the net force on a body is zero, then its motion does not change.

  • Newton_s first law of motion

    C4-2 KeyConcept Claim Stated formally, When observed from an intertial frame, a body acted on by no net force exhibits: with constant (possibly zero) velocity, and zero acceleration.

  • law of conservation of energy

    C7-1 KeyConcept WaitWhat does this encode causality? Definition The total amount of energy stays the same.

  • flux

    C14-4 A KeyConcept similar to conservation where models establish a test volume or area, and consider physical quantities through.

  • equilibrium

    C5-1 C11-1 KeyConcept Discussion This is so important it keeps buildings from toppling.

  • conservation

    C7-1 KeyConcept The general concept that certain physical quantities are constant. a quantity that always has the same value is called conserved.

  • relative velocity

    C3-5 KeyConcept Description The velocity as measured by an observer, a physical quantities.

  • kinematics

    C2-1 KeyConcept Definition Describes motion.

  • kinematics of rigid bodies

    C8-5 KeyConcept Taken in terms of center of mass, rigid body motion is quite similar to motion in space Consider that for each particle composing the mechanical system we may take something like the relative velocity to the velocity of the center of mass.

  • kinematics of a projectile

    C3-3 KeyConcept When we discount air resistance and consider only surface gravity, discounting gravity, like the tidal force we can construct the motion of a projectile with a simple parabola.

  • kinematics of circular motion

    C3-4 KeyConcept The direction component of velocity changes.

  • kinematics in space

    C3-1 C3-2 KeyConcept We extend the notion of position, velocity to incorporate all components.

  • kinematics along a straight line

    C2-1 KeyConcept Choose a coordinate system for a particle [$B$ → When we read this, it is telling us that kappa sim ell_P^2/k_B approx 10^{-69} in a more natural way.] and it’s position, [$x_i$ → When we read this, it is telling us that Phi = max_i(phi_i) in a more natural way.] to travel along a st...

  • angular velocity

    C9-1 KeyConcept Definition A type of velocity in kinematics of rotational motion of rigid bodies Formulas We also define angular velocity $$\omega_z = \lim_{\Delta t \rightarrow 0}{\Delta \theta \over \Delta t} = {d\theta \over dt}$$ at any instant, every part of a rotating rigid body has the same a...

  • at rest

    C4-2 KeyConcept velocity / speed are zero, relative to a specific reference frame. relative Canonical Hub: CANONICAL_INDEX.

  • momentum

    C8-1 KeyConcept Definition Momentum is a vector quantity that can be used alongside impulse in order to describe interactions between bodies.

  • impulse

    C8-1 KeyConcept Definition Impulse is a vector quantity relating a particle acted on by a force over a duration.

  • impulse-momentum theorem

    C8-1 KeyConcept Definition The change in momentum of a particle during a time interval equals the impulse of the net force that acts on the particle during that interval.

  • angular momentum

    C10-5 KeyConcept Definition Analogous to momentum, the rate of change of angular momentum of a particle equals the torque of the net force acting on it.

  • torque

    C10-1 KeyConcept Definition The twisting or turning motion related to the force that caused them, as measured relative to a specific position.

  • superposition of forces

    C4-1 KeyConcept Superposition forces on a body have the same effect equal to their sum So a resultant force has the formula $$\vec{R} = \sum_{i=1}^n {F_i}$$ Note that this implies that forces can be written as the superposition of their component values.

  • free-body diagram

    C4-6 KeyConcept As a model this break down the kinds of behavior into a well-characterized component.

  • force

    C1-7 C4-1 KeyConcept Definition An interaction between two bodies, or a body and its environment.

  • externality

    KeyConcept External Introduced in C4-3, a force is external to a body via a completely intuitive definition.

  • action-reaction pair

    C4-5 KeyConcept In the context of Newton’s third law of motion when two bodies interact, this forms — and the force is equal-and-opposite.

  • work-energy theorem

    C6-2 KeyConcept We also have the following: the work done by the net force on a particle equals the change in the particle’s kinetic energy which gives the formula $$W_{\text{tot}}=K_f-K_0=\Delta K$$ Caution Notice too that with$$F = ma = \frac{1}{2}{{mv_f^2-mv_0^2} \over s}$$In computing a force re...

  • potential energy

    C6-1 KeyConcept Definition In the context of law of conservation of energy the amount of energy stored in a system.

  • kinetic energy of a rigid body

    C9-4 KeyConcept Definition A rigid body can be thought of as being composed of moving, massive elements, and its kinetic energy based on the law of conservation of energy corresponds to the sum of the energy of its components.

  • kinetic energy

    C6-2 KeyConcept Definition A particle with mass and velocity can be said to have an intrinsic amount of energy, as a scalar quantity.

  • collision

    C8-1 KeyConcept Definition It is a type of motion where bodies interact for a short time.

  • inertial frame of reference

    C4-2 KeyConcept A reference frame moving with constant relative velocity, and therefore subject to Newton’s laws of motion.

  • inertia

    C4-2 KeyConcept The tendency for motion to remain constant, or to resist change.

  • conservative force, field

    C7-3 KeyConcept Definition A conservative force acts such that its total work has: The force can be represented as a difference between the intitial values of a potential-energy function WaitWhat what in nature violates this? It is reversible It is independent of the path of the body and depends onl...

  • reference frame

    C3-5 KeyConcept Simply, an observer.

  • phenomena of nature

    C1-1 KeyConcept How physical systems behave. Specific Examples motion Canonical Hub: CANONICAL_INDEX.

  • mechanical system

    C7-1 KeyConcept As opposed to physical systems this is a modelling abstraction for describing collections of objects in a vacuum.

  • isolated system

    C8-2 KeyConcept A collection of particles with no external forces acting. Implies that the center of mass is in equilibrium.

  • physical theories

    C1-1 KeyConcept Definition A nascent explanation or models of a pattern relating phenomena of nature.

  • physical laws and principles

    C1-1 KeyConcept Definition A statement regarding a phenomena of nature which: has a range of validity follows from describing outcomes and development of physical theories.

  • motion

    C2-1 KeyConcept Definition The property of having displacement that can be experimentally measured after passage of some time.

  • mechanics

    C2-1 KeyConcept Definition The study of the relationships among force, material, and motion.

  • dynamics

    C2-1 KeyConcept Definition Relates motion to what causes motion, or causality, namely force, and can be extended to describe the motion in more detail of rigid bodies and many other abstractions Types Classical Mechanics Elucidated in Principia Mathematica, dynamics are described by Newtonian mechan...

  • dimensionally consistent

    C1-4 KeyConcept Definition The fact that, given formulas when filled in with appropriate physical quantities the standard systems of units are correct.

  • rigid body

    KeyConcept Definition A rigid body has a definite size and a definite shape.

  • physical systems

    C1-1 KeyConcept Definition Literally anything which can be subjected to experiment or measurement. Canonical Hub: CANONICAL_INDEX.

  • experiment or measurement

    C1-1 KeyConcept Definition A process, the results of which used to test and refine hypotheses models.

  • derivation

    C4-6 WaitWhat Caution KeyConcept The process by which physical laws and principles are assumed and interrogated logically — resulting in hypotheses for experimentation.

  • velocity

    C2-1 KeyConcept Description A vector quantity describing motion.

  • position

    C2-1 KeyConcept Description Relative to a selected coordinate system a particle’s position is a vector quantity. Closely related to displacement.

  • displacement

    C1-7 KeyConcept Definition A measure of the length in space between an initial point and a final point. Canonical Hub: CANONICAL_INDEX.

  • acceleration

    C1-7 KeyConcept Description A vector quantity that describes the change in velocity over time.

  • power

    C6-4 KeyConcept Definition Power is a physical quantities relates work done over time.

  • energy

    C6-1 KeyConcept Definition A physical quantities for how to quantify how bodies within a mechanical system contain and exchange force.

  • physical quantities

    C1-3 KeyConcept Definition Any number used to describe a phenomena of nature quantitatively.